Several kilometers beneath the surface of the Pacific, scattered across abyssal plains in concentrations that have taken millions of years to form, lie polymetallic nodules — fist-sized lumps of manganese, nickel, cobalt, and copper that read like a shopping list for the energy transition. Battery chemistry, electric motors, grid-scale storage: the minerals locked in those nodules are the same ones at the center of every supply chain anxiety in the clean energy sector.