When the federal government has moved most decisively against illegal e-cigarettes, it has done so through a structure that didn’t exist two years ago. The interagency e-cigarette task force, established by DOJ and FDA in June 2024, coordinates enforcement activity across multiple agencies and has produced the largest individual seizures in the enforcement record. A March 2026 GAO report (GAO-26-107991) provides the most complete public accounting of the task force’s membership and activities.

Of the more than 6,000 e-cigarette products estimated to be available for sale in the United States as of June 2024, only 39 had received authorization from the Food and Drug Administration as of December 2025. Every other product on the market is, by definition, illegal—subject to seizure and enforcement action under federal law. The gap between the size of the unauthorized market and the scale of the federal response is the subject of a March 2026 GAO report (GAO-26-107991) examining the Department of Justice’s enforcement record on unauthorized e-cigarettes.